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- January 6, 1412
Joan of Arc, also known as Jeanne d’Arc, was a remarkable historical figure who was born in Domrémy, France, around 1412.
She is celebrated for her role as a military leader and a symbol of French patriotism during the Hundred Years’ War between France and England. Joan of Arc is often referred to as the “Maid of Orléans.”
Early Life
Joan of Arc was born into a farming family in the village of Domrémy in northeastern France. She reported having religious visions and claimed to have received divine guidance from saints.
Her birthday is sometimes given as 6 January. This is based on a letter by Perceval de Boulainvilliers, a councillor of Charles VII, stating that Joan was born on the feast of the Epiphany, but his letter is filled with literary tropes that make it questionable as a statement of fact.
There is no other evidence of her being born on Epiphany.
Military Leadership
In the early 15th century, during the Hundred Years’ War, Joan of Arc emerged as a military leader for the French forces. She believed she had a divine mission to help the Dauphin (Charles VII of France) reclaim the French throne from English forces and their allies.
Siege of Orléans
One of her most significant achievements was her role in the lifting of the Siege of Orléans in 1429. This victory is often seen as a turning point in the war and boosted French morale.
Capture and Trial
In 1430, Joan of Arc was captured by the Burgundians, who were allies of the English. She was later handed over to the English. In 1431, she faced a trial led by an ecclesiastical court, which ultimately convicted her of heresy and other charges.
Execution
On May 30, 1431, Joan of Arc was executed by being burned at the stake in Rouen, France. She was only 19 years old at the time of her death.
Canonization
Joan of Arc was canonized as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church in 1920.
Joan of Arc is remembered for her courage, unwavering faith, and her significant impact on French history. She remains an enduring symbol of bravery and dedication, particularly in the face of adversity. Joan of Arc’s life and legacy have been the subject of numerous books, films, and cultural works, and she continues to be a revered figure in history.